Systems and methods for analyzing core using x-ray fluorescence

ABSTRACT

A core analysis system having a trailer and an analysis assembly secured to the trailer. The analysis assembly includes an X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) detection subassembly defining a sample analysis area. The analysis assembly further includes a conveyor subassembly configured to selectively deliver one or more core samples to the sample analysis area of the XRF detection subassembly.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/331,314, filed Mar. 7, 2019, which is a National Phase application ofInternational Application No. PCT/US2017/050849, filed Sep. 9, 2017,which claims priority to and the benefit of the filing date of U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/385,641, filed Sep. 9, 2016, whichis hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD

The disclosed invention relates to core analysis systems and methodsand, more particularly, to systems and methods for analyzing coresamples using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF′).

BACKGROUND

Typically, analysis of core or rock samples requires shipping of thesamples to a distant laboratory, where the samples are cut and theneither crushed or scanned in a controlled environment by speciallytrained personnel. This analysis process is frequently associated withlengthy sample transport times, delays caused by limited access to thelaboratory or limited trained personnel, and delays caused by detailedanalysis and reporting. Consequently, from the time the core sample isobtained, it often takes months to complete the analysis of a core orrock sample. Thus, the core or rock analysis process is not integratedinto the conventional drilling workflow process. Rather, it is aseparate process that frequently encounters extensive delays.

Additionally, existing systems for analyzing core or rock samplestypically require extensive user training and certification before thesystems can be used. Further, although comparative core analysis methodsrely on the objective consistency of the location of sample points,existing core analysis systems make it nearly impossible to repeatsampling from a consistent location. Still further, existing portablecore analysis systems lack appropriate methods and sufficient precisionto produce meaningful data, whereas larger, more powerful core analysissystems require installation in laboratories with controlledenvironments, where only trained technicians are authorized to work.

Thus, there is a need for systems and methods that address one or moreof the deficiencies of known systems and methods for analyzing core orrock samples. For example, there is a need for core analysis systems andmethods that are integral to the overall drilling workflow process anddesigned for operation by a member of the drilling team. As anotherexample, there is a need for fully integrated, autonomous core analysissystems and methods that provide repeatable, location-identified,quantifiable sample data that can be produced in a time window (e.g.,within minutes or hours) that is far less than that required to completeconventional core sample analysis.

SUMMARY

Described herein, in various aspects, is a core analysis system having atrailer and an analysis assembly that is secured to the trailer. Theanalysis assembly can include an XRF detection subassembly and aconveyor subassembly. The analysis assembly can define a sample analysisarea, and the conveyor subassembly can be configured to selectivelydeliver one or more core samples to the sample analysis area. The XRFdetection subassembly can define a sample analysis area. Uponpositioning of a core sample on the conveyor assembly, the conveyorassembly can be activated to deliver the core sample to the sampleanalysis area, at which point the XRF detection subassembly can beactivated.

Also described herein, in further aspects, is a core analysis method.The method can include positioning a trailer in a selected positionrelative to a drill location. An analysis assembly can be secured to thetrailer, and the analysis assembly can have an XRF detection subassemblyand a conveyor subassembly. The XRF detection subassembly can define asample analysis area. The method can also include positioning one ormore core samples on the conveyor subassembly. The method can furtherinclude activating the conveyor subassembly to selectively deliver theone or more core samples to the sample analysis area of the XRFdetection subassembly. The method can still further include activatingthe XRF detection subassembly while the one or more core samples arepositioned in the sample analysis area.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a rear perspective view of a core analysis system asdisclosed herein.

FIG. 1B is a top view of the core analysis system of FIG. 1A. FIG. 1C isa front perspective view of the core analysis system of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 2A is a top view of a core analysis system as disclosed herein.FIG. 2B is a side perspective view of the core analysis system of FIG.2A. FIG. 2C is a left side elevational view of the core analysis systemof FIG. 2A. FIG. 2D is a front elevational view of the core analysissystem of FIG. 2A. FIG. 2E is a cross-sectional view of the coreanalysis system of FIG. 2A, taken at line A-A depicted in FIG. 2D.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram depicting electrical communication betweena sample analysis assembly, a central database, and consumers asdisclosed herein.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram depicting the flow of core samples throughan exemplary core analysis system as disclosed herein.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram depicting an exemplary data networkarrangement for use with the core analysis system as disclosed herein.

FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram depicting the communication betweencomponents of an exemplary core analysis system as disclosed herein.FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram depicting the communication between theprocessing components of an exemplary core analysis system and variousactuators positioned throughout the system.

FIGS. 7A-7B are images of exemplary displays of core sample segments ona core box as disclosed herein. As shown, a system operator can use ahuman machine interface to select or “tag” portions of the core samplesegments for exclusion from analysis as further disclosed herein.

FIGS. 8A-8B are left and right perspective views of an exemplary trailerfor enclosing and transporting an analysis assembly as disclosed herein.

FIG. 9A is a side perspective view of an exemplary verification assemblyas disclosed herein, with the arm of the verification assemblypositioned in an operative “presentation” position. FIG. 9B is a sideperspective view of the verification assembly of FIG. 9A, with the armof the verification assembly positioned in a rest position (and theactuator associated with the arm in an extended position). FIG. 9C is anend perspective view of the arm and the cover of the verificationassembly of FIG. 9A as the arm approaches the cover (and prior tomovement of the cover to enclose the receptacles of the arm).

FIG. 10A is an image depicting a stop projection and a locator pin of anexemplary tray adapter assembly as disclosed herein. FIG. 10B is animage depicting the placement of an adapter relative to the stopprojection and the locator pin such that the locator pin extends throughan alignment opening of the adapter.

FIG. 11A is a top plan view of an exemplary adapter as disclosed herein.FIG. 11B is a side elevational view of a longitudinal edge of theadapter of FIG. 11A. FIG. 11C is a side elevational view of a transverseedge of the adapter of FIG. 11A. As shown, each edge of the adapter canbe folded inwardly toward an interior portion of the adapter.

FIG. 12A is an image depicting an exemplary adapter extending across twospaced input rollers as further disclosed herein. FIG. 12B is an imagedepicting a container (e.g., core tray) positioned within an exemplaryadapter as disclosed herein.

FIG. 13A is a perspective view of an exemplary analysis assembly havinga tray centering subassembly as disclosed herein. FIG. 13B is aperspective view of the tray centering subassembly of FIG. 13A. Asshown, the tray centering subassembly can comprise first and secondguides that are activated by respective actuators.

FIGS. 14A-14C show the progression of movement of a guide of the traycentering subassembly as a core tray (shown in phantom line) approachesthe tray centering subassembly. More particularly, FIG. 14A depicts thetray in an elevated position and the guide in a lowered position, FIG.14B depicts the tray in a lowered position and the guide in a raisedposition (to effect engagement between the guide and the tray), and FIG.14C depicts the tray in the elevated position and the guide in theraised position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not allembodiments of the invention are shown. Indeed, this invention may beembodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limitedto the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments areprovided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legalrequirements. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. It is tobe understood that this invention is not limited to the particularmethodology and protocols described, as such may vary. It is also to beunderstood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose ofdescribing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit thescope of the present invention.

Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention set forthherein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which theinvention pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in theforegoing description and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is tobe understood that the invention is not to be limited to the specificembodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments areintended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a genericand descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

As used herein the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include pluralreferents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example,use of the term “a user interface” can refer to one or more of such userinterfaces, and use of the term “a sensor” can refer to one or more ofsuch sensors.

All technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning ascommonly understood to one of ordinary skill in the art to which thisinvention belongs unless clearly indicated otherwise.

Ranges can be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value,and/or to “about” another particular value. When such a range isexpressed, another aspect includes from the one particular value and/orto the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed asapproximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understoodthat the particular value forms another aspect. It will be furtherunderstood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant bothin relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the otherendpoint.

As used herein, the terms “optional” or “optionally” mean that thesubsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, andthat the description includes instances where said event or circumstanceoccurs and instances where it does not.

The word “or” as used herein means any one member of a particular listand also includes any combination of members of that list.

The term “substantially perpendicular” is meant to indicate thatelements (e.g., axes) are perpendicular within a given plane or orientedat an angle of less than 15 degrees (optionally, less than 10 degrees)relative to each other within the given plane.

The terms “core box” and “core tray” are used interchangeably herein.

The following description supplies specific details in order to providea thorough understanding. Nevertheless, the skilled artisan wouldunderstand that the apparatus and associated methods of using theapparatus can be implemented and used without employing these specificdetails. Indeed, the apparatus and associated methods can be placed intopractice by modifying the illustrated apparatus and associated methodsand can be used in conjunction with any other apparatus and techniquesconventionally used in the industry.

Disclosed herein, in various aspects and with reference to FIGS. 1A-14Care core analysis systems and methods that are configured to providequalitative analysis of drilled rock cores using a high-specificationX-ray Fluorescence (XRF) system. In use, it is contemplated that thedisclosed systems and methods can scan drilled core at required spatialintervals and within a reasonable time to permit desired on-siteworkflow while also providing meaningful chemo strati graphical data,which can be used by geologists and other personnel to interpret theregion of drilling for additional drill targets. It is furthercontemplated that the analysis described herein can be completed by amember of the drilling team (e.g., a driller's assistant) in betweencore sampling sequences (e.g., sample pulls). Thus, it is contemplatedthat the disclosed system can be readily and selectively deployed in inthe field and operate in at least a partially autonomous (optionally,fully autonomous) manner. In contrast to existing core analysis systems,the disclosed systems and methods can provide site-specific matrixcalibration and permit the tailoring of XRF settings to elements ofinterest. Additionally, it is contemplated that the use of helium gas asdisclosed herein can reduce X-ray attenuation, particularly for lightelements (Na—Ti). More generally, it is contemplated that the disclosedsystem can function in an automated fashion to permit real-timeacquisition of data without impacting drilling workflow.

Although generally disclosed herein as core analysis systems andmethods, it is contemplated that the disclosed systems and methods canbe used to analyze other material samples, such as, for example andwithout limitation, chips produced during reverse circulation drillingoperations.

Core Analysis Systems

In exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 1-2D, 4, and 6, a coreanalysis system 10 can comprise an analysis assembly 30. The analysisassembly 30 can comprise a frame 32 and a plurality of components asfurther disclosed herein. One or more of the components of the analysisassembly can be supported by and/or secured to the frame 32 as shown inFIGS. 1A-2E. Optionally, in some aspects, the analysis assembly 30(e.g., at least the frame 32 of the analysis assembly) can be secured toa trailer 20 using conventional means, including fasteners such asbolts, screws, clamps, and the like. In these aspects, it iscontemplated that the trailer 20 can comprise conventional means forsecuring the trailer to a piece of drilling equipment, such as drillrig, or to a support vehicle, such as a truck, tractor, and the like.Exemplary means for securing the trailer include a hitch, one or morebolts, one or more pins, one or more arms, and the like. It iscontemplated that the trailer 20 can be selectively detachable from thedrilling equipment or vehicle. Thus, in use, it is contemplated that thetrailer 20 can be detached from the drilling equipment or vehicle.Alternatively, it is contemplated that the trailer 20 can be permanentlysecured to the drilling equipment or vehicle to form a unitary ormonolithic structure. In exemplary aspects, the trailer can comprise oneor more front panels 22, one or more side panels 24, one or more rearpanels (not shown), and one or more roof panels. In these aspects, it iscontemplated that the panels can enclose the analysis assembly 30 duringtransport. Prior to use of the analysis assembly 30, it is contemplatedthat at least one side panel 24 can be removed or opened to provideaccess to the conveyor assembly or user interface as further disclosedherein. Optionally, it is contemplated that at least one panel 24 oneach opposing side of the trailer can be removed or opened. In someexemplary aspects, at least one panel 24 on each side of the trailer cancomprise a door 26 (e.g., a slide door) that can be selectively openedor closed.

Although the disclosed analysis assembly 30 is preferably secured to thetrailer 20, it is contemplated that the analysis assembly 30 can also beused separately from a trailer. For example, it is contemplated that theanalysis assembly 30 (e.g., at least the frame 32 of the analysisassembly) can be secured or mounted at a particular fixed location, suchas a laboratory setting or other location where core samples areroutinely received or delivered.

In one aspect, the analysis assembly 30 can comprise an X-rayFluorescence (XRF) detection subassembly 40 and a conveyor subassembly50. In this aspect, the XRF detection subassembly 40 can define a sampleanalysis area 42, and the conveyor subassembly 50 can be configured toselectively deliver one or more core samples to the sample analysisarea.

In exemplary aspects, the XRF detection subassembly 40 can comprise anX-ray source 44 and an XRF sensor 46. In these aspects, the X-ray source44 can be configured to deliver radiation to core samples positionedwithin the sample analysis area 42, and the XRF sensor 46 can beconfigured to detect X-ray fluorescence in response to the radiationdelivered to the core samples by the X-ray source. Optionally, the XRFsubassembly 40 can comprise a housing 49 that receives at least aportion of the X-ray source 44 and, optionally, at least a portion ofthe XRF sensor 46. The housing 49 can also include a distal aperture 45and a window (not shown), such as a beryllium window as is known theart, which can be positioned between the aperture 45 and the XRF sensor46 relative to a vertical axis. In exemplary aspects, it is contemplatedthat the XRF subassembly 40 can comprise an XRF spectrometer/analyzer asis known in the art. Optionally, in these aspects, the XRF subassembly40 can comprise a silicon drift detector (SDD)-based XRFspectrometer/analyzer. In exemplary aspects, the aperture 45 of thehousing 49 of the XRF subassembly 40 can receive (and deliver) X-raysfrom the X-ray source to a core sample and then receive reflected X-raysfor acquiring XRF spectra using the XRF sensor 46 as further disclosedherein. Optionally, in these aspects, the XRF subassembly can furthercomprise a proximity sensor 47 positioned within the sample analysisarea 42 for detecting the presence of a core sample in an operativeposition within the sample analysis area that is suitable for detectingX-ray fluorescence as further disclosed herein. Upon detecting the coresample in the operative position, the proximity sensor 47 can provide asignal to processor 80 (as further disclosed herein) that is indicativeof the presence of the core sample in the operative position. Inresponse, the processor 80 can be configured to initiate movement andactivation of the components of the XRF subassembly 40 to acquire XRFspectra for the sample. Alternatively, rather than relying on theproximity sensor, the processor 80 can be configured to initiate theacquisition sequence as part of the standard movement sequence of thevarious actuators disclosed herein (e.g., using a PLC as furtherdisclosed herein). In exemplary aspects, as the acquisition cyclebegins, actuators 192 that are coupled to the XRF subassembly 40 can beconfigured to effect movement of the housing 49 until the aperture 45(and the X-ray source, the XRF sensor, and the window) is positioned ata selected orientation relative to the sample (for example, in alignmentrelative to a vertical axis). Optionally, the actuators 192 can beconfigured to effect downward movement of the XRF subassembly 40 untilthe portions of a housing 49 of the assembly surrounding the aperture 45contact the sample. Following acquisition of XRF spectra for the sample,the actuators can be configured to lift the housing 49 relative to thesample, and the housing (and aperture 45) can be translated laterally(relative to the first or second axes 52, 54) to align the aperture 45with a second sample within the sample analysis area 42. If all sampleswithin the sample analysis area 42 have been analyzed using the XRFsubassembly 40, then the housing 49 (and aperture 45) can remain in araised “rest” position while the conveyor subassembly 50, in response toinstructions from the processor 80, initiates movement of the samplesaway from the sample analysis area 42 (e.g., toward the rear of thetrailer).

In further exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the XRFsubassembly 40 can comprise software drivers to permit communicationwith other components of the system as further disclosed herein.Optionally, in these aspects, the software drivers can be configured tomonitor a connection status with a processor as further disclosed herein(e.g., by monitoring an XRF subassembly broadcast packet sentperiodically by the processing components). It is contemplated that theX-ray source can be controllable according to known protocols. Inexemplary aspects, the voltage, amperage, or filter characteristics ofthe X-ray source can be selectively controllable. In exemplary aspects,the voltage of the X-ray source can range from about 6 to 50 kV. Inother exemplary aspects, the amperage of the X-ray source can range fromabout 5 to 200 μA. It is contemplated that the filter of the X-raysource can be a film of known concentrations of elements that can beselectively adjusted. In use, it is contemplated that the voltage,amperage, and filter characteristics can be selectively adjusted tomodify the emitted X-ray spectrum.

In further exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the X-ray source44 and the XRF sensor 46 can be placed as close as possible to the coresample. Optionally, in these aspects, it is contemplated that the X-raysource 44, the XRF sensor 46, and the window can be positioned orconfigured to contact (or be positioned proximate to) a core sample.Optionally, in additional exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that theX-ray source 44 and the XRF sensor 46 can be oriented and positionedsuch that the emitted X-rays follow a tangential path relative to theface of the core sample (at a central position on the core sample). Inexemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the at least one of the X-raysource 44, the window, and the XRF sensor 46 can be at least partiallyreceived within the aperture 45 of the housing 49.

In further aspects, the conveyor subassembly 50 can be configured toselectively advance one or more core samples between a sample loadinglocation and a sample unloading location. In these aspects, the XRFdetection subassembly 40 can be positioned between the sample loadinglocation and the sample unloading location.

In additional aspects, the conveyor subassembly can be configured toselectively advance the one or more core samples relative to a firstaxis 52 between the sample loading location and the sample unloadinglocation. In these aspects, the XRF detection subassembly 40 can bepositioned between the sample loading location and the sample unloadinglocation relative to the first axis 52. In other aspects, the sampleanalysis area 42 of the XRF detection subassembly 40 can be spaced fromthe first axis 52 relative to a second axis 54. In these aspects, it iscontemplated that the conveyor subassembly 50 can be configured toselectively advance the one or more core samples relative to the secondaxis 54 to deliver the one or more core samples to the sample analysisarea 42 of the XRF detection subassembly 40. Optionally, in furtheraspects, within a plane 56 containing the first and second axes 52, 54,the second axis 54 can be perpendicular or substantially perpendicularto the first axis 52.

As mentioned above, in further aspects, the core analysis system 10 canfurther comprise a processor 80 that is communicatively coupled to theXRF detection subassembly 40. In these aspects, for each delivery ofradiation to core samples positioned within the sample analysis area 42,the processor 80 can be configured to receive at least one output fromthe XRF sensor 46. It is contemplated that the at least one output canbe indicative of the measured XRF of the core samples positioned withinthe sample analysis area 42. In exemplary aspects, the processor 80 canbe communicatively coupled to a memory 85.

In exemplary aspects, the core analysis system 10 can further compriseat least one container 90 configured to receive one or more coresamples. In these aspects, the conveyor subassembly 50 can be configuredto selectively deliver the at least one container to the sample analysisarea 42 of the XRF detection subassembly 40. In further exemplaryaspects, each container 90 can comprise indicia 92 of at least onecharacteristic of the one or more core samples positioned within thecontainer. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the core analysissystem 10 can further comprise an input imaging assembly 100 that iscommunicatively coupled to the processor 80 and configured to detect theindicia 92 of each container 90. Optionally, in some aspects, the inputimaging assembly 100 can be positioned proximate the sample loadinglocation. Optionally, in some aspects, the indicia of each container cancomprise at least one bar code, such as, for example and withoutlimitation, a one-dimensional barcode or a two-dimensional barcode thatuses QR codes. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the inputimaging assembly 100 can comprise a bar code scanner. Optionally, insome aspects, the indicia of each container can comprise aradiofrequency identification (RFID) tag, such as, for example andwithout limitation, a close-proximity READ/WRITE card with a capacity tostore at least 2 KB of data. In these aspects, it is contemplated thatthe input imaging assembly 100 can comprise an RFID scanner. Optionally,in further aspects, the indicia of each container can comprise standardcharacters (text, numbers, symbols, etc.) that are printed on or appliedto the container. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the inputimaging assembly 100 can comprise a camera assembly that hasconventional camera hardware and image capture software for completingoptical character recognition (OCR) processing of the characterspositioned on the container. In use, it is contemplated that the systemoperator can use the user interface further disclosed herein toassociate the core images produced by the camera assembly with acorresponding core sample.

In addition to detecting the indicia 92 of each container 90, the inputimaging assembly 100 can acquire core images that can be used forinitial processing by a system operator. Optionally, it is contemplatedthat the system can be configured to operate in a “Teach” mode in whichthe system operator uses the user interface to select areas of intereston the core images acquired by the input imaging assembly 100 toaccomplish one or more of the following: (1) “Exclusion” Tagging, whichexcludes selected scan points while calculating or determining sitesample points and point depth (i.e., appending depth), therebyaddressing situations in which portions of the core samples areunscannable or otherwise deficient; (2) “Inclusion” Tagging, whichselects points for a scan; or (3) “Void” Tagging, which excludesselected scan points and sample points (i.e., non-appending depth),thereby addressing situations in which the core samples include voids orcore blocks. It is contemplated that the “Teach” mode can employcalculations that are performed by the application to assign the X and Ypixels inside the bounding lines to a corresponding depth (in mm). It isfurther contemplated that the “Teach” mode can allow for addressing avariety of different core sample conditions while maintaining qualityand accuracy in depth series data. In use, it is contemplated that theoperator can manipulate the selected zones using a touchscreen, stylus,or mouse, with the selected zone being depicted on the display of thehuman machine interface. Exemplary images of a “Teach” mode display areprovided in FIGS. 7A-7B. After completing the “Teach” mode cycle, thecontainer-specific tagging can be used to correlate data obtained duringdownstream analysis and processing as disclosed herein withcorresponding depths that are of interest to the system operator.

Optionally, the at least one container 90 can be a core box or core traywith an upper surface that defines at least one receiving portion 95 forsupporting and receiving a portion of respective drill cores during thecore analysis process disclosed herein. In exemplary aspects, each corebox 90 can comprise a plurality of receiving portions 95. In theseaspects, it is contemplated that the plurality of receiving portions ofeach core box can range from about two receiving portions to about eightreceiving portions. In further exemplary aspects, each receiving portionof a core box can define a diameter that is complementary to the size ofa core sample obtained using coring rods of a particular size (e.g., HQcoring rods, PQ coring rods, BQ coring rods, NQ coring rods, and thelike). In these aspects, it is contemplated that each core box can beshaped for use with core samples obtained from a corresponding coringrod.

In some exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the core analysissystem 10 can include a plurality of core boxes that are designed foruse with a variety of different coring rod sizes. That is, it iscontemplated that at least one of the core boxes can have a receivingportion with a diameter that is different than the diameter of thereceiving portion of at least one other core box of the system. Forexample, in some exemplary aspects, the system 10 can comprise at leastone core box that is configured for use with an HQ coring rod and thatdefines one or more receiving portions having a diameter ranging fromabout 60 to about 70 mm (and, more preferably, being about 65 mm). Insome exemplary aspects, the system 10 can comprise at least one core boxthat is configured for use with a PQ coring rod and that defines one ormore receiving portions having a diameter ranging from about 80 to about90 mm (and, more preferably, being about 86.5 mm. In some exemplaryaspects, the system 10 can comprise at least one core box that isconfigured for use with a BQ coring rod and that defines one or morereceiving portions having a diameter ranging from about 35 to about 45mm (and, more preferably, being about 38 mm). In some exemplary aspects,the system 10 can comprise at least one core box that is configured foruse with an NQ coring rod and that defines one or more receivingportions having a diameter ranging from about 50 to about 60 mm (and,more preferably, being about 52.5 mm).

In exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that a plurality of core boxesprovided with the system can have a consistent length (relative to alongitudinal axis of the core box) and a consistent width while having avarying height depending upon the size (e.g., diameter) of the receivingportions defined in the core box. Optionally, in these aspects, it iscontemplated that the length of each core box can range from about 1,000mm to about 1,200 mm and more preferably, from about 1,050 mm to about1,100 mm, while the width of each core box can range from about 300 mmto about 500 mm and more preferably, from about 350 mm to about 400 mm.In exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that core boxes configured foruse with HQ coring rods can have a height ranging from about 70 mm toabout 90 mm and more preferably, ranging from about 75 mm to about 85mm. It is further contemplated that core boxes configured for use withPQ coring rods can have a height ranging from about 90 mm to about 120mm and more preferably, ranging from about 100 mm to about 110 mm. It isfurther contemplated that core boxes configured for use with BQ coringrods can have a height ranging from about 50 mm to about 70 mm and morepreferably, ranging from about 55 mm to about 65 mm. It is still furthercontemplated that core boxes configured for use with NQ coring rods canhave a height ranging from about 55 mm to about 85 mm and morepreferably, ranging from about 65 mm to about 75 mm.

Optionally, in exemplary aspects, it is further contemplated that eachof the receiving portions defined in the core box can be generallyaligned with or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the core box, withthe diameter of the receiving portions determining the maximum number ofreceiving portions that can be defined within a given core box. Forexample, it is contemplated that core boxes configured for use with HQcoring rods can optionally have from three to five receiving portionsthat are spaced apart relative to the width of the core box, with thereceiving portions of such core boxes being configured to receive, incombination, from about 3 m to about 5 m (in total combined length) ofcore sample segments. It is further contemplated that core boxesconfigured for use with PQ coring rods can optionally have from two tofour receiving portions that are spaced apart relative to the width ofthe core box, with the receiving portions of such core boxes beingconfigured to receive, in combination, from about 2 m to about 4 m (intotal combined length) of core sample segments. It is furthercontemplated that core boxes configured for use with BQ coring rods canoptionally have from six to eight receiving portions that are spacedapart relative to the width of the core box, with the receiving portionsof such core boxes being configured to receive, in combination, fromabout 6 m to about 8 m (in total combined length) of core samplesegments. It is further contemplated that core boxes configured for usewith NQ coring rods can have from four to six receiving portions thatare spaced apart relative to the width of the core box, with thereceiving portions of such core boxes being configured to receive, incombination, from about 4 m to about 6 m (in total combined length) ofcore sample segments.

In exemplary aspects, the core boxes can comprise plastic. Optionally,in some exemplary aspects, the core boxes can comprise DISCOVERER®Series 2 and 3 core sample trays manufactured by Yandina Plastics MiningProducts/Total Plastics Solutions (Kunda Park, Queensland, Australia).Optionally, in other exemplary aspects, the core boxes can compriseCORITE core trays manufactured by Strength International (Keswick, SouthAustralia). Optionally, in still further exemplary aspects, the coreboxes can comprise IMPALA core trays (series 1, 2, 3, or 4) by ImpalaPlastics (Maddington, Western Australia).

Optionally, in exemplary aspects, the analysis system can comprisegripping elements that secure the core boxes to the conveyor subassembly50 to permit axial movement of the core boxes as disclosed herein. Inexemplary aspects, the gripping elements can be secured to portions ofthe conveyor subassembly 50 such that movement of the conveyor assemblyeffects a corresponding movement of the gripping elements (and a corebox engaged by the gripping elements). Optionally, it is contemplatedthat the gripping elements can be provided as part of an intermediatesection 68 b of the conveyor assembly (as further disclosed herein) toensure that each core box remains securely positioned in desiredlocations relative to the XRF detection subassembly 40 as the core boxtranslates relative to axis 54. In these aspects, it is furthercontemplated that the gripping elements can be configured for selective,releasable engagement with a core box such that the core box can beselectively secured into place on the conveyor assembly and thendisengaged from the conveyor assembly at an appropriate time (e.g., atthe conclusion of a cycle through the XRF detection subassembly). It iscontemplated that the gripping elements can comprise any conventionalfastener, such as, for example and without limitation, bolts, screws,ties, projections, hooks, latches, loops, and the like, while each corebox can comprise complementary engagement portions that are configuredto receive or effect engagement with a portion of corresponding grippingelements. Optionally, it is contemplated that the gripping elements canbe selectively moveable from a disengaged position to an engagedposition, in either a manual or an automated manner (e.g., by activatingan actuator under processor control). In further exemplary aspects, itis contemplated that the gripping elements can comprise a plurality ofguides that can be configured to apply pressure to (e.g., apply aclamping force to) outer portions of the core box to secure the core boxin a desired location and orientation.

As further disclosed herein, the disclosed analysis system can comprisemechanisms that prepare the core samples for analysis. These mechanismscan include, for example and without limitation, clearing mechanisms,drying mechanisms, and wetting mechanisms. In further aspects, theanalysis system can comprise mechanisms for imaging the core samplesunder both dry and wet conditions. As further disclosed herein, it iscontemplated that the system can provide selectable and fully automatedand repeatable analysis intervals, automated data collection, and remotedelivery of the completed sample analysis. A database as disclosedherein can permit storage of data corresponding to or indicative of aparticular sample container (e.g., core box), a drill hole location, asample collection date and time, calibration, sample depth, temperature,or Rh scatter intensity. In further exemplary aspects, and as disclosedherein, the system can permit remote uploading and file retrieval usinga cloud-based server. The software can also permit replication of bothindustrial process controller (IPC) and industrial data concentrator(IDC) databases to an external USB storage option. This can then beuploaded by other (standard) means to the cloud-based server. Thisoption can be useful in remote situations where the trailer (and theanalysis assembly) is not within access of a WAN (wide area network)authentication/access service.

In further exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 1A-2E and 4,the core analysis system 10 can further comprise a drying assembly 110positioned between the sample loading location and the sample analysisarea 42 of the XRF detection subassembly 40. Optionally, in exemplaryaspects, the drying assembly 110 can comprise a high-velocity air knifedrying system as is known in the art. Optionally, as shown in FIG. 4, inexemplary aspects, the drying assembly 110 can be placed in an elevatedposition proximate an entrance to the sample analysis area 42. In use,it is contemplated that the drying assembly 110 can ensure that the coresamples are dry and clean before they are scanned by the XRF detectionsubassembly. In exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the processor80 can be communicatively coupled to the drying assembly 110. It isfurther contemplated that the processor 80 can be configured toselectively activate and deactivate the drying assembly. In furtherexemplary aspects, the processor 80 can be configured to activate thedrying assembly such that the drying assembly operates at a selectedfixed speed and at a selected fixed temperature output. Optionally, instill further exemplary aspects, the processor 80 can be configured toselectively control activation of the conveyor assembly to advance thecore samples through the drying assembly 110 at a desired speed that isoptimal for drying of the core samples.

In additional aspects, and with reference to FIG. 4, the XRF detectionsubassembly can comprise a dry-core imaging assembly 48. In theseaspects, it is contemplated that the dry-core imaging assembly 48 can beconfigured to produce an image of core samples received within thesample analysis area 42, preferably after drying of the core samples bythe drying assembly 110. Optionally, in exemplary aspects, the processor80 can be configured to selectively activate the dry-core imagingassembly 48 to produce an image of dry core samples within the sampleanalysis area 42, prior to activation of the X-Ray source.

In other aspects, and with reference to FIG. 4, the XRF detectionsubassembly can further comprise an XRF imaging assembly 190 that ispositioned to image the core samples (and their containers) after thecore samples are positioned in a desired location for activation of theX-Ray source and XRF detection. It is contemplated that the imagesproduced by the XRF imaging assembly 190 can be stored and used todetermine the specific location of the core samples when XRF wasdetected.

In further aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 1-2D and 4, the coreanalysis system 10 can comprise a wetting assembly 120 positionedbetween the sample analysis area 42 and the sample unloading location.Optionally, in these aspects, the wetting assembly 120 can comprise awater spray mechanism as is known in the art. It is contemplated thatthe wetting assembly 120 can apply water (or other liquid) to the coresamples to prepare the core samples for high-resolution wet imaging asfurther disclosed herein. In exemplary aspects, it is contemplated thatthe processor 80 can be communicatively coupled to the wetting assembly120. It is further contemplated that the processor 80 can be configuredto selectively activate the wetting assembly 120. Optionally, inexemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the processor 80 can beconfigured to activate the wetting assembly 120 such that the wettingassembly produces a desired fixed water flow rate. Optionally, in stillfurther exemplary aspects, the processor 80 can be configured toselectively control activation of the conveyor assembly to advance thecore samples through the wetting assembly 120 at a desired speed that isoptimal for wetting of the core samples. In exemplary aspects, thewetting assembly 120 can comprise at least one arm and at least onenozzle positioned in fluid communication with a conduit defined withinthe at least one arm. In these aspects, it is contemplated that theconduit can be positioned in fluid communication with a fluid source(e.g., a pump) that is configured to pump fluid to the wetting assembly120 in response to instructions received from the processor 80.

Optionally, in exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIG. 4, the coreanalysis system 10 can comprise a wet-core imaging assembly 130positioned between the wetting assembly 120 and the sample unloadinglocation. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the processor 80 canbe communicatively coupled to the wet-core imaging assembly 130. It isfurther contemplated that the processor 80 can be configured toselectively activate the wet-core imaging assembly 130. In use, it iscontemplated that the wet-core imaging assembly can be activated torecord an image of the core samples after wetting of the core samples bythe wetting assembly 120 as further disclosed herein.

In exemplary aspects, the input imaging assembly 100, the dry-coreimaging assembly 48, the XRF imaging assembly 190, and the wet-coreimaging assembly 130 can each comprise a respective camera assembly,such as, for example and without limitation, an IP camera. Exemplary IPcameras that are suitable for this application include LIFECAM webcameras manufactured by Microsoft Corporation (Redmond, Wash.). Asfurther disclosed herein, the camera of the input imaging assembly 100can be used to acquire an image of a core box that allows the systemoperator to “tag” core images using an HMI (user interface) as furtherdisclosed herein. As further disclosed herein, the camera of thedry-core imaging assembly 48 can be used to acquire an image of a drycore box, with the image being stored in a database as described herein.As further disclosed herein, the camera of the XRF imaging assembly 190can be used to acquire an image of a location where XRF measurements areperformed, with the image being stored in the database as describedherein. As further disclosed herein, the camera of the wet-core imagingassembly 130 can be used to acquire an image of a core box after thecore box has been wetted by the wetting assembly 120, with the imagebeing stored in a database as described herein. As shown in FIGS. 1A-2D,it is contemplated that cameras of the input imaging assembly 100, thedry-core imaging assembly 48, and the wet-core imaging assembly 130 canbe mounted to the frame 32 at respective locations above the core boxmovement pathway. As shown in FIG. 2E, it is contemplated that thecamera of the XRF imaging assembly 190 can be positioned within thesample analysis area (optionally, within or coupled to housing 49). Infurther exemplary aspects, the disclosed IP cameras can be controlledthrough Ethernet connection using a trailer control network(“TrailerControlNet”) as disclosed herein and shown in FIG. 5.

In exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 1A-2E, 4 and 4, theconveyor subassembly 50 can comprise input and output sections 58, 62.Optionally, in these aspects, the input and output sections 58, 62 cancomprise respective roller assemblies 60, 64, which can be positioned incommunication with respective intermediate conveyor sections as furtherdisclosed herein. It is contemplated that each of the roller assemblies60, 64 can be configured to receive a single container 90 (e.g., asingle core box) or an adapter 440 as further disclosed herein.Optionally, in exemplary aspects, the roller assemblies 60, 64 can haveoperative widths that are at least slightly greater than thelongitudinal lengths of the containers 90 (e.g., core boxes). In someaspects, as shown in FIGS. 1A-1C, the roller assemblies 60, 64 can eachhave a single roller that defines the entire width of the rollerassembly. Alternatively, in other aspects, as shown in FIGS. 2A-2D, theroller assemblies 60, 64 can each have a pair of spaced roller arrays61, 65 that cooperate to define the width of the roller assembly. Inuse, it can be advantageous to first and second spaced roller arrays 61,65 positioned at the input and output sections of the conveyorsubassembly 50. For example, it is contemplated that the use of twospaced roller assemblies 61 can reduce the total weight of the system(compared to a single continuous roller assembly of the same width). Itis further contemplated that the use of two spaced roller assemblies canreduce the chance of breaking or disengagement of the pins used to holdthe roller assemblies in a transport (e.g., folded) position.

Optionally, it is contemplated that the input section 58 can define thesample loading location. Optionally, it is contemplated that the outputsection 62 can define the sample unloading location. In additionalaspects, the conveyor subassembly 50 can further comprise a plurality ofintermediate sections 66 positioned between the input and outputsections 58, 62. In further aspects, the conveyor subassembly 50 canfurther comprise a drive mechanism 70 configured to power movement ofthe intermediate sections. In exemplary aspects, each intermediatesection 66 can comprise at least one actuator and a plurality ofrollers, one or more conveyor belts, or combinations thereof.

In exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the drive mechanism 70 cancomprise a plurality of actuators that are operatively coupled toportions or sections of the conveyor subassembly 50 to selectivelycontrol movement of core samples and their containers relative to aplurality of axes. Optionally, it is contemplated that the drivemechanism 70 can be configured to control movement of the core samplesand containers relative to the first and second axes 52, 54 and avertical axis as further disclosed herein. In exemplary aspects, andwith reference to FIG. 6B, the plurality of actuators can comprise atleast one actuator 72 a that is configured to effect movement of thecore container relative to the first axis 52, at least one actuator 72 bthat is configured to effect movement of the core container relative tothe second axis 54, and at least one actuator 72 c that is configured toeffect movement of the core container relative to a vertical axis thatis perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the first and secondaxes 52, 54. In further exemplary aspects, the actuators of the drivemechanism 70 can comprise linear actuators, such as for example andwithout limitation, electrical actuators, mechanical actuators,electro-mechanical actuators, hydraulic actuators, pneumatic actuators,and combinations thereof. However, depending upon the arrangement ofeach conveyor section, it is contemplated that the drive mechanism 70can further comprise at least one rotational actuator.

In further exemplary aspects, as further disclosed herein and depictedin FIGS. 1-2D and 4, the plurality of intermediate sections 66 cancomprise at least one intermediate section 68 a, 68 c configured toadvance the one or more core samples relative to the first axis 52 andat least one intermediate section 68 b configured to advance the one ormore core samples relative to the second axis 54. In these aspects, andas shown in FIGS. 1A-2D, the first intermediate section 68 a cancomprise at least one conveyor belt that is operatively coupled to anactuator 72 a to permit selective movement of a core sample relative tothe first axis. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the firstintermediate section 68 a of the conveyor assembly can be configured todeliver the core box (containing the core sample) to the secondintermediate section 68 b of the conveyor assembly. Upon delivery of thecore box to the second intermediate section 68 b, an actuator 72 c canselectively raise and lower the core box to permit engagement orcoupling between the core box and at least one linear actuator 72 b asdisclosed herein. Upon coupling between the core box and the linearactuator 72 b, the linear actuator can be configured to effect axialmovement of the core box relative to the second axis 54, with the corebox being supported by rollers positioned within the intermediateconveyor section 68 b. In exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIG.4, the intermediate conveyor section 68 b can extend through the sampleanalysis area 42, and the linear actuator 72 b can move the core boxabout and between three distinct locations along the second axis 54,including an initial position (labeled “3” in FIG. 4) before the corebox is delivered to the analysis area, an intermediate imaging positionon an opposing side of the XRF assembly (after the core box passesthrough the XRF assembly, labeled “4” in FIG. 4), and an analysisposition (within the XRF assembly, labeled “5” in FIG. 4). Althoughdisclosed herein as comprising at least one linear actuator 72 b, it iscontemplated that the intermediate conveyor section 68 b can comprise,in addition or alternatively, a plurality of vertically oriented rollersthat engage edge portions of the core box (or adapter as disclosedherein) and are driven by one or more rotational actuators to effectmovement of the core box along the second axis 54. After theimaging/analysis process within the XRF assembly is completed, theactuator 72 b can return the core box to its initial position (labeled“3”). It is contemplated that the intermediate conveyor section 68 b canfurther comprise at least one linear actuator 72 a that is coupled to atleast one conveyor belt and configured to advance the core box to thethird intermediate conveyor section 68 c, which in turn, can have atleast one linear actuator 72 a that is coupled to at least one conveyorbelt and configured to effect movement of the core box to the outputroller assembly. In exemplary aspects, as shown in FIGS. 2A-2B, theconveyor belts of the first and third conveyor sections 68 a, 68 c canbe staggered relative to the conveyor belts of the second conveyorsection 68 b.

Optionally, in exemplary aspects, the conveyor assembly can furthercomprise a stop plate that is positioned at a distal end of the outputsection (e.g., roller assembly 64). In these aspects, the stop plate canextend across at least a portion of the operative width of the outputsection to prevent the containers 90 (e.g., core boxes) from advancingbeyond the distal end of the output section and falling from theconveyor assembly. In further exemplary aspects, it is contemplated thatthe core analysis system 10 can comprise a sensor configured to detectthe presence of a container (e.g., core box) within the output section.In these aspects, it is contemplated that box sensor can be aconventional proximity sensor or encoder as is known in the art. Infurther aspects, it is contemplated that the box sensor can becommunicatively coupled to the processor 80, and the processor can beconfigured to selectively control activation or stopping of the drivemechanism 70 of the conveyor assembly.

In operation, the drive mechanism 70 can drive axial movement of a firstcontainer (core box) from the input section (e.g., roller conveyor 60)onto a first intermediate conveyor section 68 a (e.g., roller). Asfurther disclosed herein, after the first container (core box) ispositioned on the first intermediate conveyor section 68 a (e.g.,roller), it is contemplated that the input imaging assembly 100 (e.g.,camera assembly) can be activated to identify the core samples withinthe first container and permit setup of the system parameters. Inexemplary aspects, the drive mechanism 70 can drive movement of thecontainer from the first intermediate conveyor section 68 a (e.g.,roller) to the second intermediate conveyor section 68 b. Optionally, itis contemplated that the drive mechanism 70 can comprise a liftingactuator (or other lifting mechanism) that is configured to pull thecontainer upwardly from the first intermediate conveyor section 68 a toplace the container in a staging position in which the container can beclamped or otherwise coupled to at least one actuator of the drivemechanism 70 that is configured to effect axial movement of thecontainer relative to the second axis 54 to control entry andpositioning of the container within the sample analysis area 42. Asfurther disclosed herein, it is contemplated that the drive mechanismcan comprise additional actuators that are configured to move thecontainer relative to at least one of the first axis 52 and a verticalaxis. In further aspects, after completion of the XRF scanning process,the drive assembly 70 can be operated to return the container to theinitial position on the second intermediate conveyor section 68 b. Inanother exemplary aspect, the third intermediate conveyor section 68 ccan be powered by the drive assembly to pull the container from thesecond intermediate conveyor section 68 b through the wetting assemblyand into a desired position under imaging assembly 130 to permit wetimaging of the core samples. After the wet image is captured, thepowered belt conveyor at the third intermediate conveyor section 68 ccan be configured to push the container onto the output section (e.g.,roller conveyor 64), where the container can optionally rest against astop plate as further disclosed herein until it is removed by a systemoperator.

In exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 10A-12B, the system 10can further comprise a tray adapter assembly 400. In these aspects, thetray adapter assembly 400 can allow the system to be compatible withdifferent types and sizes of containers (e.g., different types and sizesof plastic core trays). The adapter assembly 400 can comprise an adapter440 comprising a steel plate having inwardly folded longitudinal andtransverse walls 442, 444 and defining at least one alignment opening446 extending through the thickness of the plate. Optionally, theadapter 440 can comprise at least two openings that are positionedproximate opposing corners of one end of the plate. In use, it iscontemplated that the adapter 440 can be used with any core container(e.g., core tray) that is compatible with the disclosed system, with thefolded edges allowing different trays to fit and convey within thesystem. It is contemplated that actuator and data acquisition controlson each respective type of core box can be controlled and set by themethods engineer through use of the software or databases disclosedherein.

In use, the adapter 440 can be positioned at the input section 58 (e.g.,the roller assembly 60) of the conveyor subassembly, and the core boxcan be positioned on the adapter, with the longitudinal and transverseedges of the adapter surrounding the core box. Due to the foldedconstruction of the longitudinal and transverse edges, it iscontemplated that the edges can be biased toward a center portion of theadapter such that, in a resting position (before receipt of core box),the edges define a minimum diameter of the adapter. Upon receipt of acore box, the edges can be configured to deform in an outer direction asnecessary to accommodate the operative dimensions of the core box. Inexemplary aspects, when the adapter is positioned at the input section58, it is contemplated that the longitudinal edges of the adapter can beoriented perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the first axis52 (and parallel or substantially parallel to the second axis 54). Thisgeneral orientation can be maintained as the adapter is advanced alongthe first axis by the drive mechanism 70 as disclosed herein.

As shown in FIGS. 10A-10B, the tray adapter assembly 400 can furthercomprise at least one stop projection 410 and at least one locator pin420 that are secured to, coupled to, or integrally formed with a linearactuator 72 b that is configured to effect movement of the adapter 440(and the core tray on the adapter) relative to the second axis 54 asdisclosed herein. In use, the locator pin 420 can be received within andthrough an alignment opening of the adapter 440 when the adapter (andthe core tray) is received by the second intermediate conveyor section68 b. In these aspects, the lift actuator 72 c can selectively raise andthen lower the adapter 440 such that the locator pin 420 passes throughand projects upwardly relative to a corresponding alignment opening 446,and a corner portion of the adapter 440 is positioned between thelocator pin and the stop projection 410 to thereby secure the adapter inplace. Optionally, in exemplary aspects, the tray adapter assembly 400can comprise first and second stop projections 410 and first and secondlocator pins 420, with the first pin being received through a firstopening of the adapter and the second pin being received through asecond opening of the adapter positioned on an opposing side of theadapter relative to the first axis 52. In further aspects, the adapterassembly can further comprise a proximity sensor 430 that is configuredto detect placement of the adapter tray over the locator pin 420 suchthat the adapter is securely engaged by the locator pin and the stopprojection 410. After the processor 80 receives confirmation of properpositioning of the adapter 440 from the proximity sensor 430, the systemcan proceed with advancement of the adapter 440 (and the core box 90)relative to the second axis as further disclosed herein, and furtherprocessing can proceed as further disclosed herein.

In further exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 13A-14C, thesystem 10 can comprise a tray centering assembly 500 that can bepositioned to cooperate with the second intermediate conveyor section 68b, which as further disclosed herein, can comprise a lifting table forpermitting vertical movement of an adapter and core box. In use, thetray centering assembly 500 can ensure that the adapter 440 (and thecore boxes on the adapter) is consistently and precisely orientedrelative to the second axis 54. It is further contemplated that thecentering of the adapter 440 can help ensure alignment between thelocator pins 420 of the adapter assembly 400 and the alignment openings446 of the adapter 440. In exemplary aspects, the tray centeringassembly 500 can comprise first and second guides 510, 520 that arepositioned on opposing sides of the intermediate conveyor section 68 brelative to the first axis 52. Each guide 510, 520 can be operativelycoupled to a respective actuator 512, 522 that is configured to pivotthe guide from a lowered, disengaged position to a raised, engagedposition (to contact the longitudinal edges of the adapter (and/orportions of the core box) and adjust the orientation of the adapter andcore box as needed to continue further processing. It is contemplatedthat, in response to a signal from the processor 80 that the adapter(and core box) is being lowered, the actuators 512, 522 can beconfigured to effect movement of the guides from the lowered position tothe raised position. Upon engagement between the guides and the adapter,the adapter and the core box can be properly aligned relative to thesecond axis 54, and thereby prevent undesired contact or alignmentdefects and make the system more robust, reliable, and repeatable. Afterproper alignment of the adapter and core box are established, theactuator 72 c, using the lifting table, can raise the adapter to anoperative height at which the adapter can be axially advanced relativeto the second axis 54. It is contemplated that the guides can bepositioned sufficiently below the raised position of the adapter suchthat the guides do not interfere with movement of the adapter and corebox relative to the second axis 54. In use, it is contemplated that thecentering process can be performed in an automated fashion as part ofthe typical lowering process for the adapter and core box. In exemplaryaspects, this automation can be driven by the PLC 80 b disclosed herein.

In still further exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 3-6A,the core analysis system 10 can further comprise a first wirelesstransmitter-receiver 140 communicatively coupled to the processor 80. Instill further exemplary aspects, the core analysis system 10 can furthercomprise a database 150. In still further exemplary aspects, the coreanalysis system 10 can further comprise a second wirelesstransmitter-receiver 160 communicatively coupled to the database 150. Inthese aspects, it is contemplated that the second wirelesstransmitter-receiver 160 can be configured to receive information fromthe first wireless transmitter-receiver 140 and to transmit informationfrom the database 150 to the first wireless transmitter-receiver 140.Optionally, in exemplary aspects and as shown in FIG. 3, it iscontemplated that the database can be selectively remotely accessible toconsumers 200.

In still further exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 1-2D and4, the core analysis system 10 can further comprise a user interface170. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the processor 80 can becommunicatively coupled to the user interface 170 and configured toreceive one or more inputs from the user interface. It is furthercontemplated that the user interface 170 can comprise a display that isconfigured to present information to a system user related to the coresample analysis and the performance of the system. In exemplary aspects,the user interface 170 can comprise a single human-machine interfacethat is installed on an outer portion of the trailer. In these aspects,it is contemplated that the user interface 170 can be shaped such thatit can be protected by a cover during transport operations. It isfurther contemplated that the user interface 170 can beweather-resistant such that it can be used in a variety of weatherconditions. In exemplary aspects, the user interface 170 can betouchscreen-enabled and natively support a desired screen resolution(e.g., 1280×1024 resolution with 4:3 Aspect ratio). In these aspects, itis contemplated that the user interface 170 can comprise a display thatpermits data input and display via textual references and drop downlists rather than input of coded values to make for a more user-friendlyinterface. Optionally, it is further contemplated that the userinterface 170 can provide point-and-click options and/or automated dataentry to minimize typing and/or keyboard entry.

In exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the user interface 170 canbe provided as a component of a computer workstation. However, in otheraspects, it is contemplated that the user interface 170 can be providedas a portion of a remote computing device, such as a smartphone, tablet,personal data assistant (PDA), or laptop computer.

In further exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIG. 4, it iscontemplated that the core analysis system 10 can comprise a powersource 184 that is configured to supply electrical power to othercomponents of the system. Optionally, in these aspects, the power source184 can comprise a landline electrical supply, an on-board generator,and a battery-backed uninterruptable power supply (UPS). In theseaspects, it is contemplated that the electrical supply can accept acommercial electric supply while providing load-side circuit protection.It is further contemplated that the electrical supply can transform acommercial electrical input (e.g., 230 V at 50 Hz) into a desired output(e.g., 24 VDC at 160 Amps) with appropriate load-side circuitprotection. It is contemplated that the on-board generator can have alocal generator control panel that enables starting, control, andoperation of the generator. Optionally, the generator can include amonitoring device that is configured to produce an alarm or an outputsignal that indicates the generator has stopped working or is notfunctioning correctly. It is contemplated that the battery-backeduninterruptable power supply can supply power to the processingcomponents of the system. In use, it is contemplated that power can beprovided to the imaging and camera assemblies for a selected period oftime (e.g., at least 30 minutes) before a shutdown command is signaledto their corresponding processing components. When the uninterruptablepower supply is supplying power to the processing components, it iscontemplated that the control functions of the processing components canbe halted.

In further exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIG. 4, it iscontemplated that the core analysis system 10 can comprise an HVAC unit180 that is configured to maintain the temperature within the sampleanalysis area 42 at a desired level, as may be stipulated bymanufacturers of the components of the XRF detection subassembly 40.Optionally, it is contemplated that the HVAC unit can be configured tomaintain the temperature within the sample analysis area 42 at atemperature ranging from about 20° C. to about 24° C. under normaloperating conditions. In exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that theHVAC unit can be powered from the domestic electrical supply to thetrailer, which may be derived from a landline power source or an onboardgenerator as further disclosed herein. In use, it is contemplated thatdigital XRF imaging equipment can be sensitive to ambient temperaturevariation, and rapid changes in temperature and extremes of temperaturecan severely damage digital detectors. Accordingly, it is contemplatedthat temperature control within the sample analysis area 42(particularly within the XRF sensor enclosure) is critical to obtainingaccurate data and protecting the system components. In exemplaryaspects, the core analysis system 10 can further comprise anenvironmental monitoring device that logs temperature variations withinthe sample analysis area 42 or, more particularly, within the XRF sensorenclosure.

In still further exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIG. 4, it iscontemplated that the core analysis system 10 can comprise a gas (e.g.,Helium) supply source 182 that is configured to supply gas to the XRFdetection subassembly 40. Optionally, in these aspects, the gas supplysource can be an onboard Helium supply subsystem that is configured toprovide a dry helium cover gas to the XRF instrument (e.g., X-raysource). In use, it is contemplated that the processor 80 can beconfigured to selectively initiate and cease delivery of gas to the XRFinstrument. Optionally, in exemplary aspects, the gas supply source 182can comprise a 2-stage bottle regulator that reduces bottle pressurefrom above 2,000 psi to about 60 psi (+/−10 psi). In further aspects,the gas supply source 182 can optionally comprise a pressure switch onan outlet side of the bottle regulator that delivers a signal to theprocessor 80 when the pressure falls below a selected level, such as forexample and without limitation, 50 psi. In still further aspects, it iscontemplated that the core analysis system 10 can comprise an instrumentregulator that is configured to reduce the pressure at the outlet sideof the 2-stage regulator pressure to 15 psi (+/−5 psi). In still furtherexemplary aspects, the gas supply source 182 can comprise an instrumentflow control device that enables flow from the outlet side of theinstrument regulator to the XRF instrument. In these aspects, it iscontemplated that the instrument flow control device can becommunicatively coupled to the processor 80 such that the processor canselectively control a rate of gas flow between the outlet of theinstrument regulator and the inlet of the XRF instrument. Optionally, itis contemplated that the rate of gas flow can range from about 0.0Liters per minute (LPM) to about 1.0 LPM.

In use, the disclosed core analysis system can provide on-site analysisand data collection capabilities for drill core samples. Optionally, inexemplary aspects, it is contemplated that a plurality of core analysissystems can be operated in parallel from distinct locations, withrespective data sets from each core analysis system delivered to acentralized server system for further analysis as disclosed herein.

In use, it is contemplated that the disclosed core analysis systems canreduce the costs associated with processing assays, including costsconventionally associated with sample preparation, sample transport,sample tracking, and data processing. It is further contemplated thatthe disclosed core analysis systems can provide improved data quality incomparison to existing core analysis systems. More particularly, it iscontemplated that the disclosed core analysis systems can preserveheterogeneity and objectivity while also associating time and depth datawith each core sample and providing systematic collection and linking ofdata sets. It is further contemplated that the disclosed core analysissystems can provide an increase in the speed of decisions by drillingsystem operators or remote customers. More particularly, it iscontemplated that the disclosed core analysis systems can provide nearreal-time access to core data via a centralized database, which can beaccessed by any networked computing device (optionally, computingdevices, from multiple users or customers). In exemplary aspects, asfurther disclosed herein, the processor 80 can be configured to providecustomizable threshold notifications associated with various coreparameters to system users or customers.

In exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 4-6B, the processor 80can comprise a processing assembly comprising a plurality of processingcomponents. Optionally, in these aspects, the processor 80 can compriseat least one industrial process controller (IPC) 80 a and at least oneprogrammable logic controller (PLC) 80 b. In exemplary aspects, the IPCcan be an industrial grade computer, and the system operator caninterface with the IPC through the user interface 170 disclosed herein.In exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the IPC can be configuredto perform a variety of functions, including one or more of thefollowing: monitoring for loss of power and halting control functionswhen a power loss is detected; controlling system restart using operatorconfirmation after reestablishing power; signaling a shutdown command toan industrial data concentrator (IDC) when the UPS indicates backuppower is exhausted; performing a shutdown when the UPS indicates backuppower is exhausted; interfacing with the PLC by operating as a ModbusMaster, which enables communication among many devices connected to thesame network; monitoring activation of the PLC over industrial networkcommunications (Modbus) to determine if communications are establishedand operating; halting control functions when a PLC communications lossis detected; processing logic to indicate activation or readiness of theIPC over industrial network communications (Modbus); reading/writingstatus data to one or more PLC Modbus Slave registers during cycleoperations; interfacing with three (3)-axis motion controllers 80 c, 80d, 80 e (e.g., X-, Y-, and Z-axis controllers) of the conveyor assemblyby operating as a Modbus Slave; monitoring a Modbus connection with eachaxis motion controller and halting control functions when acommunications loss is detected; reading and writing values into aninterface block used by Modbus that reads and writes from each AxisMotion Controller; interfacing with an operator through the userinterface 170 to indicate status of the system; interfacing with anoperator through the user interface 170 to collect and authenticatelogin credentials and set application privileges; interfacing with theoperator through the user interface 170 to collect information requiredby the system during setup operations; interfacing with the XRFInstrument to query, configure, and command the unit during cycleoperations; interfacing with the image files captured by the imagingassemblies during cycle operations; processing images to extract andparse OCR data from image files during cycle operations; interfacingwith the central database to retrieve information required by the systemduring startup, setup, and cycle operations; interfacing with the memory85 to store information collected by the system during startup, setup,and cycle operations; interfacing with the memory 85 to transferinformation collected by the system during cycle operations to the IDC;interfacing with the memory 85 to perform database maintenancefunctions; and processing XRF data using calibration files stored in thememory 85.

In exemplary aspects, the PLC of the processor 80 can comprise anAllen-Bradley MicroLogix 1400 Small Programmable Logic Controller.Optionally, the PLC can be configured to provide input/output control tothe core analysis system 10. In exemplary aspects, the PLC can compriseone or more of the following: 24 VDC inputs, relay outputs, an expansionPNP output chassis, a 10/100 EtherNet/IP Port, EtherNet/IP Messaging,DNP3 over IP, and Modbus TCP/IP as are known in the art. In furtherexemplary aspects, the PLC can operate as a Modbus Slave and host Bitand Word registers to support required interfaces with the Modbus Master(IPC). In further exemplary aspects, the PLC can comprise an axiscontrol system that is configured to provide multi-axis (e.g.,three-axis) control of the movement of the components of the coreanalysis system. In exemplary aspects, the axis control system cancomprise three Festo CMMO-ST Motion controllers that are configured toprovide axis control for a Trailer Core Scanner module as shown in FIG.5.

Data Networks

In exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 5-6, two data networkscan be installed and configured inside the core analysis system. A firstdata network, shown as the TrailerControlNET in FIG. 5, can providenetwork services for automation components. It is contemplated that theTrailerControlNET can be isolated from other networks to ensure securityand deterministic performance attributes needed by control networks. Asecond data network, shown as the TrailerDataNET in FIG. 5, can supply adata network required to push large data sets from the IPC to the IDC atdesignated cycle points. The IPC can use the TrailerDataNET network toretrieve calibration and setup files delivered to the IDC by a systemengineer. In use, it is contemplated that remote access connections tothe IPC and IDC also pass over the TrailerDataNET

In exemplary aspects, the core analysis system can further comprise aCorporateServiceNET network that provides VPN access from the NetworkRouter on the TrailerDataNET to a WAN authentication/access service.

Optionally, in exemplary aspects, the IDC can be an industrial gradecomputer configured to operate as a “Data Concentrator” node on theTrailerDataNet. In use, it is contemplated that the operator does notdirectly interface with the IDC through the local user interface 170 butcan monitor logs that show transfer of core data from the IPC to theIDC. In use, it is further contemplated that the database used on theIDC can bridge data from each remote XRF Trailer system into acentralized data warehouse.

Core Analysis Methods

In use, and as further disclosed herein, the core analysis system 10 canbe used to perform a core analysis method. In one aspect, a coreanalysis method can comprise positioning the trailer in a selectedposition relative to a drill location. In this aspect, and as furtherdisclosed herein, the analysis assembly can be secured to the trailer.In another aspect, the core analysis method can further comprisepositioning one or more core samples on the conveyor subassembly. In anadditional aspect, the core analysis method can comprise activating theconveyor subassembly to selectively deliver the one or more core samplesto the sample analysis area of the XRF detection subassembly. In afurther aspect, the core analysis method can comprise activating the XRFdetection subassembly while the one or more core samples are positionedin the sample analysis area.

In exemplary aspects, and as further disclosed herein, when the XRFdetection subassembly comprises an X-ray source and an XRF sensor, theX-ray source can deliver radiation to the one or more core samplespositioned within the sample analysis area. In these aspects, the coreanalysis method can comprise using the XRF sensor to detect X-rayfluorescence in response to the radiation delivered to the core samplesby the X-ray source.

In further exemplary aspects, the core analysis method can compriseusing the conveyor subassembly to selectively advance the one or morecore samples between the sample loading location and the sampleunloading location. In these aspects, the XRF detection subassembly canbe positioned between the sample loading location and the sampleunloading location.

In still further exemplary aspects, the core analysis method cancomprise using the conveyor subassembly to selectively advance the oneor more core samples relative to the first axis between the sampleloading location and the sample unloading location. In these aspects,and as further disclosed herein, the XRF detection subassembly can bepositioned between the sample loading location and the sample unloadinglocation relative to the first axis.

In still further exemplary aspects, and as further disclosed herein, thesample analysis area of the XRF detection subassembly can be spaced fromthe first axis relative to a second axis. In these aspects, the coreanalysis method can comprise using the conveyor subassembly toselectively advance the one or more core samples relative to the secondaxis to deliver the one or more core samples to the sample analysis areaof the XRF detection subassembly.

In further exemplary aspects, the core analysis method can furthercomprise, for each delivery of radiation to core samples positionedwithin the sample analysis area, using the processor to receive at leastone output from the XRF sensor. In these aspects, and as furtherdisclosed herein, the at least one output can be indicative of themeasured XRF of the core samples positioned within the sample analysisarea.

In further exemplary aspects, the core analysis method can comprisepositioning one or more core samples within a container. In theseaspects, the core analysis method can further comprise selectivelydelivering the at least one container to the sample analysis area of theXRF detection subassembly. Optionally, in additional aspects, eachcontainer can comprise indicia of at least one characteristic of the oneor more core samples positioned within the container, and the methodfurther comprises using an input imaging assembly to detect the indiciaof each container, wherein the input imaging assembly is communicativelycoupled to the processor. Optionally, in some aspects and as furtherdisclosed herein, the input imaging assembly can be positioned proximatethe sample loading location.

In still further exemplary aspects, the core analysis method can furthercomprise using a drying assembly to dry the one or more core samples. Inthese aspects, and as further disclosed herein, the drying assembly canbe positioned between the sample loading location and the sampleanalysis area of the XRF detection subassembly. In additional aspects,when the processor is communicatively coupled to the drying assembly asdisclosed herein, the core analysis method can further comprise usingthe processor to selectively activate the drying assembly to dry the oneor more samples.

In still further exemplary aspects, when the XRF detection subassemblycomprises a first imaging assembly as further disclosed herein, the coreanalysis method can further comprise using the first imaging assembly toproduce an image of core samples received within the sample analysisarea. In additional aspects, the core analysis method can comprise usingthe processor to selectively activate the first imaging assembly toproduce an image of core samples within the sample analysis area.

In still further exemplary aspects, the core analysis method can furthercomprise using a wetting assembly to wet the one or more samples.Optionally, in these aspects, the wetting assembly can be positionedbetween the sample analysis area and the sample unloading location. Inadditional aspects, when the processor is communicatively coupled to thewetting assembly as further disclosed herein, the core analysis methodcan comprise using the processor to selectively activate the wettingassembly. Optionally, in further aspects, the core analysis method canfurther comprise using a second imaging assembly to produce an image ofthe one or more core samples following wetting of the one or more coresamples. In these aspects, and as further disclosed herein, it iscontemplated that the second imaging assembly can be positioned betweenthe wetting assembly and the sample unloading location. In exemplaryaspects, and as further disclosed herein, when the processor iscommunicatively coupled to the second imaging assembly, the coreanalysis method can comprise using the processor to selectively activatethe second imaging assembly.

In still further exemplary aspects, the core analysis method can furthercomprise using the drive mechanism of the conveyor subassembly to power(and effect) movement of the intermediate sections of the conveyorsubassembly. Optionally, in these aspects, using the drive mechanism topower movement of the intermediate sections can comprise: using at leastone intermediate section to advance the one or more core samplesrelative to the first axis; and using at least one intermediate sectionto advance the one or more core samples relative to the second axis.

In still further exemplary aspects, and as further disclosed herein, thecore analysis method can further comprise using the second wirelesstransmitter-receiver to receive information from the first wirelesstransmitter-receiver and to transmit information from the database tothe first wireless transmitter-receiver.

In still further exemplary aspects, and as further disclosed herein, thecore analysis method can further comprise selectively accessing thedatabase from at least one remote location.

In still further exemplary aspects, and as further disclosed herein, thecore analysis method can further comprise using the user interface toreceive one or more inputs from a user.

In use, it is contemplated that the processing elements of the disclosedcore analysis methods can accomplish one or more of the following tasks:managing the orderly startup and shutdown of control and data collectionfunctions; collecting system setup information from the operator usingthe user interface (e.g., touch-panel interface); controlling themovement of containers (e.g., core boxes) into and out of the system;identifying containers (e.g., core boxes) along with attributesassociated with the contents of the containers; associating containers(e.g., core boxes) to images, XRF results, and instrument statusinformation collected by the data acquisition components of the system;transmitting data sets to a central database using wireless networks;providing diagnostics to assist rapid detection and correction of upsetconditions and failed components of the system; and controlling andmonitoring trailer utilities (Power, HVAC, Helium Supply).

In exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the disclosed systems andmethods can permit processing of core samples in an automated orsemi-automated manner. For example, in some optional aspects, automaticanalysis cycles can be processed for a core sample container (e.g., corebox) in the following sequence. First, a core container can be manuallypositioned by an operator at the input section (e.g., roller conveyor60). Second, if the first intermediate conveyor section is empty, thecore container can be indexed into the first intermediate conveyorsection. With the core container positioned on the first intermediateconveyor section, the input imaging assembly 100 can be triggered tocapture a core container image. The core container image can bepresented to the operator through the user interface, and the operatorcan use the user interface to provide one or more of the followingpieces of information: drill site project name (optionally, fromdrop-down list); core depth (at Reference 0 on the core container); anddepth information associated with selected scan areas on the obtainedimage. After this information is collected, the operator can initiatethe processing sequence (e.g., by clicking or selecting a “Process CoreBox” button or equivalent.

Prior to use of the disclosed systems and methods (e.g., duringcommissioning), it is contemplated that the following data can beassociated with each type of core container (e.g., core box) to be usedwith the core analysis system. Thus, when the system operator selects aparticular core container type, the following data can be referencedduring operation of the system: core length (maximum length of anindividual row of core); number of core segments (number of coresegments in a core container); core X-axis starting position; coreX-axis ending position; core Y-axis segment position (taught for eachsegment in core container); core Z-axis slow position; and core Z-axismax position. Upon entry of this information, the information can beinserted into a log table within the memory 85, and the profile of eachcore container type can be selectively accessed for each core containerthat is passed through the system.

When processing begins, a record can be inserted into the memory withthe operator-supplied information. If the second intermediate conveyorsection 68 b is empty, then the processor can initiate indexing of thecore container onto the second intermediate conveyor section 68 b. Theprocessor can then activate the drying assembly, and upon detection ofthe core container on the second intermediate conveyor section 68 b, thecore container can be clamped such that the core container is coupled tothe actuators of the drive assembly 70 that advance the core containerwithin the sample analysis area. The processor can initiate movement ofthe core container into the sample analysis area relative to the firstaxis at a speed that is configured for optimal drying. As the corecontainer exits the drying assembly and enters the core sample analysisarea, the processor receives a signal indicative of the presence of thecore container within the sample analysis area (e.g., through aproximity switch, encoder, or other sensor), and the processor can thenactivate imaging assembly 48 to capture a dry core sample image. Theacquired image can then be provided to the memory and associated withthe core container record. The processor can then send a signal thatinitiates the cycle of the XRF detection subassembly. The processor canbe configured to activate a first actuator to move the XRF sensor andX-Ray source relative to the first axis 52 to an operative positionproximate a first sample segment. The processor can be configured tothen activate a second actuator to move the core container to a samplinglocation relative to the X-Ray source and XRF sensor. The processor canthen activate imaging of the sample location using imaging assembly 190.If the particular analysis method employed requires helium, then theprocessor can be configured to activate flow of helium into the sampleanalysis area. With the core container in the sample location, theprocessor can be configured to activate an actuator to effect downwardmovement of the XRF sensor and other analysis components relative to avertical axis until the core is contacted (or nearly contacted). Uponcontact, the processor can initiate an assay with associated filter,energy, and duration parameters. The transmitted live spectrum can becollected and processed into a display. When the assay is completed, theprocessor can deactivate helium flow. RAW spectrum data can berequested, processed with the specified calibrations, and stored intothe memory along with the sample image. Next, the actuator(s) can returnthe XRF sensor and other processing components to its initial (home)position. The sequence of movement relative to the first, second, andvertical axes can be repeated for each sample segment on the corecontainer until all sample segments are processed.

After processing is completed, all core container data can be sent tothe IDC as further disclosed herein. The processor can then send asignal to prepare the system for unloading of the core container. Theprocessor can cause the core container to be returned to the secondintermediate conveyor section, and the processor can receive a signal(from a sensor as disclosed herein) that is indicative of the presenceof the core container at the second intermediate conveyor section. Uponreceipt of a signal indicative of the presence of the core container,the processor can activate the wetting assembly 120 and initiatemovement of the core container through the wetting assembly (from thesecond intermediate conveyor section to the third intermediate conveyorsection 68 c). The wetting assembly can then be deactivated, and theimaging assembly 130 can be triggered to capture a wet core sampleimage. The image can then be inserted into the memory and associatedwith the core container record. If the output section (roller conveyor64) is empty, then the processor can cause indexing of the corecontainer to the output section.

Thus, in use, the core analysis process can be fully automated from thepoint where the core container is loaded at the input section 58 to thepoint where the core container is retrieved at the output section 62. Inexemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the system operator can inputa depth range (“Depth From”, “Depth To”) and scan interval that aredetermined and disclosed to the drilling team. As further disclosedherein, the “field ready” automated scanner can be compatible with PQ,HQ, NQ and BQ core containers, which can be provided with drill rigsthat make use of the XRF technology disclosed herein.

To monitor instrument drift, it is contemplated that variations of XRFconcentrations of internationally recognized standards to that ofrefined laboratory methods can be monitored. In exemplary aspects, avariety of recognized standard core compositions can be used. It iscontemplated that quality assurance/quality control protocols can beemployed on a regular basis and constant with depth. In exemplaryaspects, the standard core compositions can comprise any site matrixthat is matched to required standards for a particular client. In theseaspects, the standard core compositions can further comprise anyreference standards used to create an empirical calibration as furtherdisclosed herein. Optionally, the standard core compositions can beprovided as pressed pellets that are formed by pressing pulverized rockmaterial (at μm sizes) under pressure (e.g., 20 tonnes (metric tons)) toproduce a solid briquette.

In exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 9A-9C, a verificationassembly 300 can be used to preserve the quality of data obtained by thesystem. In use, and as further described herein, the verificationassembly 300 can be operated automatically with the XRF detectionsubassembly at regular intervals determined by a methods engineer. It iscontemplated that the verification assembly 300 can be used as part of aformulated “Quality Control/Quality Assurance” program implemented oneach project in an attempt to preserve data integrity. It is furthercontemplated that the data related to the analysis of “standard” trays(e.g., elemental concentration, name, location relative to the XRFdetection assembly) can be recorded and associated with the verificationassembly 300 in data tables for further processing and analysis. Inexemplary aspects, the verification assembly 300 can be configured toperiodically analyze a selection of one or more pellet samples (e.g.,from one pellet up to six pellets) using the XRF assembly 40. Thepresentation of these pellets can be controlled by the database andsoftware programs disclosed herein. Although the process can beselectively run in response to a manual input through the userinterface, it is contemplated that the verification process can bescripted into an “Analysis Method” that includes the X-ray parameters,Project Metadata, and Machine parameters (e.g., Scan spacing), which canbe linked through a “standards” table in the database. It iscontemplated that the “standards” table can associate data for aparticular “standard” sample with specific instruments, analysismethods, and other site characteristics. The disclosed verificationmethod can optionally be initiated using the PLC 80 b and the TrailerServices bloc in the network topology further disclosed herein. In use,the processor 80 can compare the parameters recorded during a givenverification process to “standards” data or previously measuredparameters to evaluate accuracy, precision, instrument drift, andcontamination of the analysis assembly.

In use, the verification method can be a part of the normal use of thesystem, between box runs (normal operation scanning trays). In exemplaryaspects, at least one pressed pellet (e.g., at least one 6×32 mm pressedpellet) can be positioned within receptacles 312 (optionally, axiallyaligned receptacles) of an arm 310 of the verification assembly 300. Asused herein, the term “pellet” refers to “standard” materialcompositions, which can optionally comprise pulverized rock (80% passinggrains less than 75 um) pressed into a small circular briquette toproduce a sample that is representative of rock density for XRF analysispurposes. Each receptacle 312 can be in communication with a biasedspring such that biases the pellets away from the receptacle (oppositethe direction of gravity). Optionally, the receptacles 312 can beprovided with an acrylic backing. In use, the receptacles ensure thepellet makes contact with the XMS apparatus by applying a reactionaryforce against the XMS pressing (due to gravity).

The arm 310 can have a proximal end 314 that is pivotally coupled to apin/projection 322 of a support bar 320. The pin/projection 322 canextend upwardly from the support bar 320, and the arm 310 can pivotrelative to a rotational axis that extends through the pin/projectionand is parallel to a vertical axis. The arm 310 can be operativelycoupled to an actuator 330 (e.g., a linear actuator) that is configuredto effect pivotal movement of the arm about and between an operative“presentation” position and a rest position. As shown in FIGS. 9A-9B, itis contemplated that the actuator 330 can be retracted to pivot the arm310 in the operative “presentation” position in which the XRF sensor cancontact (or be positioned proximate) the receptacles 312. With the arm310 in the “presentation” position, the pellets within the arm 310 canbe individually and sequentially scanned as further disclosed herein. Itis contemplated that the scans of the pellets can be performed atpredetermined time intervals in accordance with the disclosed automatedmethods. In use, it is contemplated that the proximity sensor 47 of theXRF subassembly 40 can be configured to detect the presence of the arm310 in the “presentation” position, at which point scanning of thepellets can be initiated.

After scanning of pellets is completed, the actuator 330 can be extendedto pivot the arm 310 away from the operative position until reaching therest position. In exemplary aspects, the verification assembly 300 cancomprise a cover 340 that is configured for movement about and between aclosed position and an open position. In the closed position, the cover340 can be configured for placement over the receptacles 312 of the arm310 when the arm is in the rest position. In operation, when the arm 310reaches the rest position, the arm can press against a spring-loadedflange, which effects movement of the cover from the open position tothe closed position. Alternatively (or additionally), a proximity sensor342 can detect the presence of the arm 310 in the rest position, and inresponse to receipt of a signal from the processor 80 indicating thepresence of the arm 310 in the rest position, a cover actuator 344 caneffect movement of the cover 340 from the open position to the closedposition, thereby enclosing the receptacles 312. Optionally, the cover340 can be pivotally coupled to a portion of the frame 32, such asthrough a mount as shown in FIG. 9C.

In exemplary aspects, the pellets can reflect matrix-matched standards,such as certified reference materials (CRMs) or other referencematerials used during calibration of the analysis assembly 30, therebypermitting monitoring of accuracy and instrument drift. In exemplaryaspects, one of the pellets can comprise a silica blank that can be usedfor monitoring of contamination. Verification data can be stored in thedatabase (e.g., a SQL database) and exported as part of QualityAssurance/Quality Control summary reports separate from the datarecorded during regular core sample analysis. It is contemplated thatthe program can be modular, allowing for use of the verification processin accordance with the wants and needs of the customer.

In exemplary aspects, the pellets can reflect matrix-matched standards,such as certified reference materials (CRMs) or other referencematerials used during calibration of the analysis assembly 30, therebypermitting monitoring of accuracy and instrument drift. In exemplaryaspects, one of the pellets can comprise a silica blank that can be usedfor monitoring of contamination. Verification data can be stored in thedatabase (e.g., a SQL database) and exported as part of QualityAssurance/Quality Control summary reports separate from the datarecorded during regular core sample analysis. It is contemplated thatthe program can be modular, allowing for use of the verification processin accordance with the wants and needs of the customer.

In operation, it is contemplated that disclosed verification methods canprovide for monitoring of accuracy, precision, instrument drift, andcontamination of the system to ensure that quality assurance/qualitycontrol standards are met. During use, the processor 80 can initiate theverification method and present at least one pressed pellet sample tothe XRF sensor. This is done at periodic intervals set by the MethodsEngineer. When verification is initiated, during normal operation, it iscontemplated that the HMI user interface can display a message such as“Verification In Progress.” Next, the actuator 330 can retract, therebypresenting the pressed pellets to the sensor. As shown in FIG. 9A, thearm 310 can be in line with the XMS opening 45 when in the presentedposition. The proximity sensor 47 (or a separate proximity sensor withinthe sample analysis area) detects this, and the actuator 192 of the XRFsubassembly 40 can lower the XMS housing 49 in a “Slow” speed to the arm310, with the spring-loaded pellets pressing against the sensor and/orthe housing, to a preset end point. The XMS assembly can then acquireXRF spectra from the pellet(s) and store data/meta data in appropriatetables. The actuators 192 can then lift the XMS housing and move the XMShousing along the first axis 52 to the next pellet (if any, up to 6pellets), The total number of pellets will depend upon the number ofpellets required for the particular QA/QC program. The analysis processcan be repeated for each respective pellet. After all pellets arescanned, the actuator 330 can be extended to return the arm 310 to therest position as shown in FIG. 9C, thereby effecting movement of thecover from the open position to the closed position, in which thepellets are protected contamination, damage and loss of the verification“Pellets” as further defined herein. During the transport of theanalysis assembly 30, it is contemplated that the set of pellets can beprovided as a verification slide that can be transported separately fromthe XMS assembly (e.g., in a pelican case), thereby eliminating anypossibility of lost pellets, pellets being in the incorrect location forpurposes of verification, and damage during transport. After the spectraacquisition data/parameters are recorded for the pellets, the processorcan be configured to compare the recorded data/parameters to “standards”data/parameters or to previously recorded data/parameters for thepellets, and the processor can use this comparison to determine theaccuracy, precision, instrument drift, and contamination of the analysisassembly.

Optionally, the disclosed system can provide a continuous scanningmethod (Drag Mode) as an alternative to the stop and start “Spot Scan”method disclosed herein. When a continuous scanning method is used, aselected row of core within a core box can be scanned in a continuousmanner without halting the XRF acquisition process. The acquired datawill therefore be representative of a full scanned meter (or otherdistance) of core rather than a series of single spot scans. To helpperform the continuous scanning method, it is contemplated that thedisclosed system can be provided with an ultrasonic transducer (UT)sensor that feeds a digital signal of “height” to allow for loop controlof the Z axis to account for varying core heights. In addition, it iscontemplated that a Z-axis actuator can be modified to be a “slow” ormore precise actuator to permit maintenance of a precise gap between thecore face and the instrument face.

EXEMPLARY ASPECTS

In view of the described core analysis systems and methods andvariations thereof, herein below are described certain more particularlydescribed aspects of the invention. These particularly recited aspectsshould not however be interpreted to have any limiting effect on anydifferent claims containing different or more general teachingsdescribed herein, or that the “particular” aspects are somehow limitedin some way other than the inherent meanings of the language literallyused therein.

Aspect 1: A core analysis system comprising: a trailer; and an analysisassembly secured to the trailer, wherein the analysis assemblycomprises: an X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) detection subassembly defining asample analysis area; and a conveyor subassembly configured toselectively deliver one or more core samples to the sample analysis areaof the XRF detection subassembly.

Aspect 2: The core analysis system of aspect 1, wherein the XRFdetection subassembly comprises: an X-ray source configured to deliverradiation to core samples positioned within the sample analysis area;and an XRF sensor configured to detect X-ray fluorescence in response tothe radiation delivered to the core samples by the X-ray source.

Aspect 3: The core analysis system of any one of the preceding aspects,wherein the conveyor subassembly is configured to selectively advanceone or more core samples between a sample loading location and a sampleunloading location, and wherein the XRF detection subassembly ispositioned between the sample loading location and the sample unloadinglocation.

Aspect 4: The core analysis system of aspect 3, wherein the conveyorsubassembly is configured to selectively advance the one or more coresamples relative to a first axis between the sample loading location andthe sample unloading location, and wherein the XRF detection subassemblyis positioned between the sample loading location and the sampleunloading location relative to the first axis.

Aspect 5: The core analysis system of aspect 4, wherein the sampleanalysis area of the XRF detection subassembly is spaced from the firstaxis relative to a second axis, wherein the conveyor subassembly isconfigured to selectively advance the one or more core samples relativeto the second axis to deliver the one or more core samples to the sampleanalysis area of the XRF detection subassembly.

Aspect 6: The core analysis system of aspect 5, wherein, within a planecontaining the first and second axes, the second axis is substantiallyperpendicular to the first axis.

Aspect 7: The core analysis system of any one of aspects 3-6, furthercomprising a processor communicatively coupled to the XRF detectionsubassembly, wherein for each delivery of radiation to core samplespositioned within the sample analysis area, the processor is configuredto receive at least one output from the XRF sensor, wherein the at leastone output is indicative of the measured XRF of the core samplespositioned within the sample analysis area.

Aspect 8: The core analysis system of aspect 7, further comprising atleast one container configured to receive one or more core samples, andwherein the conveyor subassembly is configured to selectively deliverthe at least one container to the sample analysis area of the XRFdetection subassembly.

Aspect 9: The core analysis system of aspect 8, wherein each containercomprises indicia of at least one characteristic of the one or more coresamples positioned within the container, and wherein the core analysissystem further comprises an input imaging assembly that iscommunicatively coupled to the processor and configured to detect theindicia of each container.

Aspect 10: The core analysis system of aspect 9, wherein the inputimaging assembly is positioned proximate the sample loading location.

Aspect 11: The core analysis system of aspect 9 or aspect 10, whereinthe indicia of each container comprises at least one bar code, andwherein the input imaging assembly comprises a bar code scanner.

Aspect 12: The core analysis system of aspect 9 or aspect 10, whereinthe indicia of each container comprises a radiofrequency identification(RFID) tag, and wherein the input imaging assembly comprises an RFIDscanner.

Aspect 13: The core analysis system of any one of aspects 7-12, furthercomprising a drying assembly positioned between the sample loadinglocation and the sample analysis area of the XRF detection subassembly.

Aspect 14: The core analysis system of aspect 13, wherein the processoris communicatively coupled to the drying assembly, and wherein theprocessor is configured to selectively activate the drying assembly.

Aspect 15: The core analysis system of aspect 13 or aspect 14, whereinthe XRF detection subassembly comprises a first imaging assembly,wherein the first imaging assembly is configured to produce an image ofcore samples received within the sample analysis area.

Aspect 16: The core analysis system of aspect 15, wherein the processoris configured to selectively activate the first imaging assembly toproduce an image of core samples within the sample analysis area.

Aspect 17: The core analysis system of aspect 15 or aspect 16, furthercomprising a wetting assembly positioned between the sample analysisarea and the sample unloading location.

Aspect 18: The core analysis system of aspect 17, wherein the processoris communicatively coupled to the wetting assembly, and wherein theprocessor is configured to selectively activate the wetting assembly.

Aspect 19: The core analysis system of aspect 17 or aspect 18, furthercomprising a second imaging assembly positioned between the wettingassembly and the sample unloading location.

Aspect 20: The core analysis system of aspect 19, wherein the processoris communicatively coupled to the second imaging assembly, and whereinthe processor is configured to selectively activate the second imagingassembly.

Aspect 21: The core analysis system of any one of the preceding aspects,wherein the conveyor subassembly comprises: input and output sectionscomprising roller conveyors, wherein the input section defines thesample loading location, wherein the output section defines the sampleunloading location; a plurality of intermediate sections positionedbetween the input and output sections; and a drive mechanism configuredto power movement of the intermediate sections.

Aspect 22: The core analysis system of aspect 21, wherein the pluralityof intermediate sections comprises: at least one intermediate sectionconfigured to advance the one or more core samples relative to the firstaxis; and at least one intermediate section configured to advance theone or more core samples relative to the second axis.

Aspect 23: The core analysis system of any one of the preceding aspects,wherein the analysis assembly further comprises a first wirelesstransmitter-receiver communicatively coupled to the processor.

Aspect 24: The core analysis system of aspect 23, further comprising: adatabase; and a second wireless transmitter-receiver communicativelycoupled to the database, wherein the second wirelesstransmitter-receiver is configured to receive information from the firstwireless transmitter-receiver and to transmit information from thedatabase to the first wireless transmitter-receiver.

Aspect 25: The core analysis system of aspect 24, wherein the databaseis selectively remotely accessible.

Aspect 26: The core analysis system of any one of aspects 7-25, furthercomprising a user interface, wherein the processor is communicativelycoupled to the user interface and configured to receive one or moreinputs from the user interface.

Aspect 27: A core analysis method comprising: positioning a trailer in aselected position relative to a drill location, wherein an analysisassembly is secured to the trailer, wherein the analysis assemblycomprises: an X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) detection subassembly defining asample analysis area; and a conveyor subassembly; positioning one ormore core samples on the conveyor subassembly; activating the conveyorsubassembly to electively deliver the one or more core samples to thesample analysis area of the XRF detection subassembly; and activatingthe XRF detection subassembly while the one or more core samples arepositioned in the sample analysis area.

Aspect 28: The core analysis method of aspect 27, wherein the XRFdetection subassembly comprises an X-ray source and an XRF sensor,wherein the X-ray source delivers radiation to the one or more coresamples positioned within the sample analysis area, and wherein the XRFsensor detects X-ray fluorescence in response to the radiation deliveredto the core samples by the X-ray source.

Aspect 29: The core analysis method of any one of aspects 27-28, whereinthe conveyor subassembly selectively advances the one or more coresamples between a sample loading location and a sample unloadinglocation, and wherein the XRF detection subassembly is positionedbetween the sample loading location and the sample unloading location.

Aspect 30: The core analysis method of aspect 29, wherein the conveyorsubassembly selectively advances the one or more core samples relativeto a first axis between the sample loading location and the sampleunloading location, and wherein the XRF detection subassembly ispositioned between the sample loading location and the sample unloadinglocation relative to the first axis.

Aspect 31: The core analysis method of aspect 30, wherein the sampleanalysis area of the XRF detection subassembly is spaced from the firstaxis relative to a second axis, wherein the conveyor subassemblyselectively advances the one or more core samples relative to the secondaxis to deliver the one or more core samples to the sample analysis areaof the XRF detection subassembly.

Aspect 32: The core analysis method of any one of aspects 30-31,wherein, within a plane containing the first and second axes, the secondaxis is substantially perpendicular to the first axis.

Aspect 33: The core analysis method of any one of aspects 27-32, furthercomprising a processor communicatively coupled to the XRF detectionsubassembly, wherein for each delivery of radiation to core samplespositioned within the sample analysis area, the processor receives atleast one output from the XRF sensor, wherein the at least one output isindicative of the measured XRF of the core samples positioned within thesample analysis area.

Aspect 34: The core analysis method of aspect 33, wherein the one ormore core samples are positioned within a container, and wherein theconveyor subassembly selectively delivers the at least one container tothe sample analysis area of the XRF detection subassembly.

Aspect 35: The core analysis method of aspect 34, wherein each containercomprises indicia of at least one characteristic of the one or more coresamples positioned within the container, and wherein the method furthercomprises using an input imaging assembly to detect the indicia of eachcontainer, wherein the input imaging assembly is communicatively coupledto the processor.

Aspect 36: The core analysis method of aspect 35, wherein the inputimaging assembly is positioned proximate the sample loading location.

Aspect 37: The core analysis method of any one of aspects 35-36, whereinthe indicia of each container comprises at least one bar code, andwherein the input imaging assembly comprises a bar code scanner.

Aspect 38: The core analysis method of any one of aspects 35-37, whereinthe indicia of each container comprises a radiofrequency identification(RFID) tag, and wherein the input imaging assembly comprises an RFIDscanner.

Aspect 39: The core analysis method of any one of aspects 33-38, furthercomprising using a drying assembly to dry the one or more core samples,wherein the drying assembly is positioned between the sample loadinglocation and the sample analysis area of the XRF detection subassembly.

Aspect 40: The core analysis method of aspect 39, wherein the processoris communicatively coupled to the drying assembly, and wherein theprocessor selectively activates the drying assembly to dry the one ormore samples.

Aspect 41: The core analysis method of any one of aspects 39-40, whereinthe XRF detection subassembly comprises a first imaging assembly, andwherein the method further comprises using the first imaging assembly toproduce an image of core samples received within the sample analysisarea.

Aspect 42: The core analysis method of aspect 41, wherein the processorselectively activates the first imaging assembly to produce an image ofcore samples within the sample analysis area.

Aspect 43: The core analysis method of any one of aspects 41-42, furthercomprising using a wetting assembly to wet the one or more samples,wherein the wetting assembly is positioned between the sample analysisarea and the sample unloading location.

Aspect 44: The core analysis method of aspect 43, wherein the processoris communicatively coupled to the wetting assembly, and wherein theprocessor selectively activates the wetting assembly.

Aspect 45: The core analysis method of aspect 44, further comprisingusing a second imaging assembly to produce an image of the one or morecore samples following wetting of the one or more core samples, whereinthe second imaging assembly is positioned between the wetting assemblyand the sample unloading location.

Aspect 46: The core analysis method of aspect 45, wherein the processoris communicatively coupled to the second imaging assembly, and whereinthe processor selectively activates the second imaging assembly.

Aspect 47: The core analysis method of any one of aspects 31-46, whereinthe conveyor subassembly comprises: input and output sections comprisingroller conveyors, wherein the input section defines the sample loadinglocation, wherein the output section defines the sample unloadinglocation; a plurality of intermediate sections positioned between theinput and output sections; and a drive mechanism coupled to theintermediate sections, wherein the method further comprises using thedrive mechanism to power movement of the intermediate sections.

Aspect 48: The core analysis method of aspect 47, wherein using thedrive mechanism to power movement of the intermediate sectionscomprises: using at least one intermediate section to advance the one ormore core samples relative to the first axis; and using at least oneintermediate section to advance the one or more core samples relative tothe second axis.

Aspect 49: The core analysis method of any one of aspects 33-48, whereinthe analysis assembly further comprises a first wirelesstransmitter-receiver communicatively coupled to the processor.

Aspect 50: The core analysis method of aspect 49, wherein a secondwireless transmitter-receiver is communicatively coupled to thedatabase, and wherein the method further comprises using the secondwireless transmitter-receiver to receive information from the firstwireless transmitter-receiver and to transmit information from thedatabase to the first wireless transmitter-receiver.

Aspect 51: The core analysis method of aspect 50, further comprisingselectively accessing the database from at least one remote location.

Aspect 52: The core analysis method of any one of aspects 33-51, furthercomprising using a user interface to receive one or more inputs from auser, wherein the processor is communicatively coupled to the userinterface.

Aspect 53: A core analysis assembly as disclosed herein.

Aspect 54: A core analysis assembly comprising: an X-ray Fluorescence(XRF) detection subassembly defining a sample analysis area; and aconveyor subassembly configured to selectively deliver one or more coresamples to the sample analysis area of the XRF detection subassembly asdisclosed herein.

All publications and patent applications mentioned in the specificationare indicative of the level of those skilled in the art to which thisinvention pertains. All publications and patent applications are hereinincorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individualpublication or patent application was specifically and individuallyindicated to be incorporated by reference.

Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail byway of illustration and example for purposes of clarity ofunderstanding, certain changes and modifications may be practiced withinthe scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A core analysis system comprising: a trailer; andan analysis assembly secured to the trailer, wherein the analysisassembly comprises: an X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) detection subassemblydefining a sample analysis area; and a conveyor subassembly configuredto selectively deliver one or more core samples to the sample analysisarea of the XRF detection subassembly.
 2. The core analysis system ofclaim 1, wherein the XRF detection subassembly comprises: an X-raysource configured to deliver radiation to core samples positioned withinthe sample analysis area; and an XRF sensor configured to detect X-rayfluorescence in response to the radiation delivered to the core samplesby the X-ray source.
 3. The core analysis system of claim 2, wherein theconveyor subassembly is configured to selectively advance one or morecore samples between a sample loading location and a sample unloadinglocation, and wherein the XRF detection subassembly is positionedbetween the sample loading location and the sample unloading location.4. The core analysis system of claim 3, wherein the conveyor subassemblyis configured to selectively advance the one or more core samplesrelative to a first axis between the sample loading location and thesample unloading location, and wherein the XRF detection subassembly ispositioned between the sample loading location and the sample unloadinglocation relative to the first axis.
 5. The core analysis system ofclaim 4, wherein the sample analysis area of the XRF detectionsubassembly is spaced from the first axis relative to a second axis,wherein the conveyor subassembly is configured to selectively advancethe one or more core samples relative to the second axis to deliver theone or more core samples to the sample analysis area of the XRFdetection subassembly.
 6. The core analysis system of claim 5, wherein,within a plane containing the first and second axes, the second axis issubstantially perpendicular to the first axis.
 7. The core analysissystem of claim 3, further comprising a processor communicativelycoupled to the XRF detection subassembly, wherein for each delivery ofradiation to core samples positioned within the sample analysis area,the processor is configured to receive at least one output from the XRFsensor, wherein the at least one output is indicative of the measuredXRF of the core samples positioned within the sample analysis area. 8.The core analysis system of claim 7, wherein the XRF detectionsubassembly comprises a first imaging assembly, wherein the firstimaging assembly is configured to produce an image of core samplesreceived within the sample analysis area.
 9. The core analysis system ofclaim 8, wherein the processor is configured to selectively activate thefirst imaging assembly to produce an image of core samples within thesample analysis area.
 10. The core analysis system of claim 9, furthercomprising a wetting assembly positioned between the sample analysisarea and the sample unloading location.
 11. The core analysis system ofclaim 10, wherein the processor is communicatively coupled to thewetting assembly, and wherein the processor is configured to selectivelyactivate the wetting assembly.
 12. The core analysis system of claim 11,further comprising a second imaging assembly positioned between thewetting assembly and the sample unloading location.
 13. The coreanalysis system of claim 12, wherein the processor is communicativelycoupled to the second imaging assembly, and wherein the processor isconfigured to selectively activate the second imaging assembly.
 14. Thecore analysis system of claim 5, wherein the conveyor subassemblycomprises: input and output sections comprising roller conveyors,wherein the input section defines the sample loading location, whereinthe output section defines the sample unloading location; a plurality ofintermediate sections positioned between the input and output sections;and a drive mechanism configured to power movement of the intermediatesections.
 15. The core analysis system of claim 14, wherein theplurality of intermediate sections comprises: at least one intermediatesection configured to advance the one or more core samples relative tothe first axis; and at least one intermediate section configured toadvance the one or more core samples relative to the second axis. 16.The core analysis system of claim 1, wherein the analysis assemblyfurther comprises a first wireless transmitter-receiver communicativelycoupled to the processor.
 17. The core analysis system of claim 16,further comprising: a database; and a second wirelesstransmitter-receiver communicatively coupled to the database, whereinthe second wireless transmitter-receiver is configured to receiveinformation from the first wireless transmitter-receiver and to transmitinformation from the database to the first wirelesstransmitter-receiver.
 18. The core analysis system of claim 17, whereinthe database is selectively remotely accessible.
 19. The core analysissystem of claim 7, further comprising a user interface, wherein theprocessor is communicatively coupled to the user interface andconfigured to receive one or more inputs from the user interface.
 20. Acore analysis method comprising: positioning a trailer in a selectedposition relative to a drill location, wherein an analysis assembly issecured to the trailer, wherein the analysis assembly comprises: anX-ray Fluorescence (XRF) detection subassembly defining a sampleanalysis area; and a conveyor subassembly; positioning one or more coresamples on the conveyor subassembly; activating the conveyor subassemblyto electively deliver the one or more core samples to the sampleanalysis area of the XRF detection subassembly; and activating the XRFdetection subassembly while the one or more core samples are positionedin the sample analysis area.